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DOTAP (2,3-二油酰基-丙基)-三甲胺(MS盐)是较为常用的阳离子脂质，但单独形成脂质体稳定性、膜融合性、转染效率差，所以常需要添加辅助脂质，是最为常用的辅助脂质。常见的DOTAP是一种季铵盐，是带正电荷的两亲性类脂化合物。因为生产工艺的不同，有些性状呈淡黄色蜡状，而工艺好的公司生产的DOTAP则是白色粉末，更便于称量等实际操作。它是两亲分子，结构主要由极性头部(亲水基团)、连接基团、疏水尾部三部分组成。极性头部通常由叔胺或季铵盐构成，后来又研究出咪唑头部、氨基酸头部等。其极性头部情况对核酸分子的包载效率以及细胞毒性均有重要的影响。因含双键和正电荷，DOTAP光敏易氧化易吸湿，氧化后会发黄、变黏。
DOTAP (2,3-dioleoyl-propyl) - trimethylamine (MS salt) is a commonly used cationic lipid, but the stability, membrane fusion and transfection efficiency of liposomes formed alone are poor. Therefore, it is often necessary to add auxiliary lipids, which are the most commonly used auxiliary lipids. The common DOTAP is a quaternary ammonium salt and is a positively charged amphiphilic lipid compound. Due to different production processes, some properties are light yellow waxy, while DOTAP produced by companies with good technology is white powder, which is more convenient for weighing and other practical operations. It is an amphiphilic molecule, and its structure is mainly composed of polar head (hydrophilic group), connecting group and hydrophobic tail. Polar heads are usually composed of tertiary amines or quaternary ammonium salts, and imidazole heads and amino acid heads were later developed. Its polar head has an important effect on the efficiency of nucleic acid molecule loading and cytotoxicity. Due to the double bond and positive charge, DOTAP is photosensitive and easy to oxidize and absorb moisture. It will turn yellow and sticky after oxidation.
仅供科研，禁止用于人体
